1. RETINOL: THE NIGHTTIME POWERHOUSE
Retinol, a form of vitamin A, boosts cell turnover and collagen production. It reduces wrinkles, fine lines, improves texture, and even fights acne. It’s been studied since the 1950s, making it the gold standard. (Key tip: Look for retinol, not its weaker, less-studied derivatives.)
2. PEPTIDES: THE SKIN’S MESSENGERS
Peptides are short chains of amino acids that tell your skin’s “construction workers” to build more collagen and elastin. There are different types with varying effects, but while they show great promise in lab studies (in vitro), the real-world (in vivo) results aren’t as strong.
3. ANTIOXIDANTS: THE SKIN’S SHIELDS
Antioxidants protect against damage from UV rays, pollution, and other environmental stressors that speed up aging. By neutralizing free radicals, they help prevent skin damage before it starts.
4. SUNSCREEN: THE ULTIMATE GUARDIAN
UV exposure is the leading cause of premature aging. It breaks down collagen and elastin, leading to wrinkles and dark spots. Daily sunscreen use is non-negotiable. Someday, wearing SPF will be as second nature as separating your recycling or not smoking indoors.